<p>The Cornelius Hotel is a historic hotel building in downtown Portland, Oregon, United States that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was designed by John V. Bennes&#39;s firm, and constructed in 1907–08.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The seven-story building is categorized as being 20th-century Baroque Revival architecture, a businessman and doctor and Multnomah Countys first coroner. He named the hotel for his family and his brother, Colonel Thomas R. Cornelius. The Cornelius brothers father founded the town of Cornelius west of Portland after emigrating to Oregon on the Oregon Trail with Joseph Meek.</p><br>
<p>The building has a "dramatic coffered ceiling in the lobby" and a French sheet metal mansard roof with cornice and entablature, and exterior masonry and terra-cotta. It included a ground-floor wood storefront that was once a "Ladies Reception Hall" and an "opulent" basement cafe. "Ornate wood paneling and trim" was included throughout the building.</p><br>
<p>By at least the 1950s, the hotel had transitioned from being a conventional hotel to an apartment hotel. The Cornelius housed a gay bathhouse in the 1960s and 1970s,</p><br>
<p>By at least 1992, the buildings residential use had ceased completely, and it became vacant on all but the ground floor. In 2002, TMT Development, developer Tom Moyers real estate company, purchased the property for $2.4 million with plans to renovate the building. The renovated business-class hotel was to be reopened by June 2009 with the name "Alder Park Hotel", following a period where it was home to trespassers for many years after the 1980s. The 2008 financial crisis, however, halted work on the project, as well as Moyer&#39;s Park Avenue West Tower.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, TMT applied to the city to tear down the structure,</p><br>
<h2>Restoration and reconversion into hotel</h2><br>
<p>In January 2015, it was announced that the building was to be joined to the adjacent Woodlark Building, renovated and returned to use as a hotel. The Woodlark Building, which would be converted from its then-existing use as an office building, is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places. As of 2016, the planned renovation and conversion was expected to cost $30 million, funded by NBP Capital, Provenance Hotels and Arthur Mutal. and two restaurants or bars. Construction began in September 2016, and the new hotel opened on December 15, 2018.</p><br>
<p>Mount Saint Peter Church is a Catholic Church at 100 Freeport Road in New Kensington, Pennsylvania. The church is located along the Allegheny River and is approximately 25 mi north-east of the city of Pittsburgh within the Diocese of Greensburg.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was founded by Italian immigrants in the early 1900s and the current building was constructed by hand by parish members during World War II using materials from the then recently dismantled Richard B. Mellon 60-room mansion in Pittsburgh. The church was dedicated on July 4, 1944. In 1998, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>As of 2009, the congregation had approximately 5,000 members. The church is regionally known for its annual Festa Italiana, at which there is homemade Italian food, dancing, games for children, and gambling for adults. This festival is organized by volunteers from the church and takes place on the church grounds during the first weekend in August. The mission statement of the church emphasizes the congregation&#39;s Italian heritage.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The history of the Mount St. Peter parish is woven with the history of Alcoa and the emergence of New Kensington as an industrial city in the early twentieth century. In 1890, the Burrell Improvement Company considered the advantages of the level land south of its home in Lower Burrell. They named the area New Kensington, surveyed it, and laid out avenues, running parallel to the Allegheny River, and numbered streets running perpendicular to the river. Fourth and Fifth streets were the primary commercial streets. Once the land was surveyed and plotted, the company opened the land to bidding. The first large company to purchase land, the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, acquired a 3.5 acre property by the riverfront. Other companies also acquired sites for commercial and industrial development: Adams Drilling, Goldsmith and Lowerburg, New Kensington Milling, New Kensington Brewing, Logan Lumber, and Keystone Dairy, to name a few.</p><br>
<p>The presence of Pittsburgh Reduction Company (later Alcoa) provided a boon for development. On Thanksgiving Day 1888, with the help of Alfred E. Hunt, Charles Martin Hall developed an experimental smelting plant on Smallman Street in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1891, the company established its production facility in New Kensington.</p><br>
<p>By 1910, the city was also the home of a car manufacturing company, the New Kensington Automobile Company. In addition, the Pittsburg Motor Car Company had established a production plant for its Pittsburg Six model in New Kensington. By 1904, the American Tin Plate Company (capital stock owned by the United States Steel Corporation) had established the six facilities of the Pittsburgh Mills and six of the Pennsylvania Mills in New Kensington.</p><br>
<h3>Diocese of Greensburg</h3><br>
<p>The Diocese of Greensburg, to which Mount Saint Peter now belongs, was established on March 10, 1951, by Pope Pius XII. Records show that the first Mass in the area was celebrated in the Allegheny Mountains in 1749 by a French priest serving as chaplain to French troops. Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin, the second priest ordained in territories that became the United States, arrived in Loretto, Pennsylvania in 1799. Father Boniface Wimmer came to Latrobe from Germany and established the first Benedictine presence in the region of Saint Vincent in 1846.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the United States&#39; Civil War, Catholicism grew slowly in America, but afterward, it became more widespread as Catholic immigrants from eastern Europe moved to the four counties, which include Armstrong, Fayette, Indiana, and Westmoreland, to mine coal and produce coke to fire steel mills in Pittsburgh. This influx of Catholic immigrants resulted in the creation of more than 80 parishes and missions in the counties between 1865 and 1917.</p><br>
<h3>Founding and early days of St. Peter parish</h3><br>
<p>By 1900, the burgeoning industrial town had 4,600 residents and two years later Reverend Bonaventure Piscopo, a member of the Apostolic Band for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh, formed a new congregation in New Kensington to serve the immigrant work force, many of whom were Italian Catholics. The church was named after Saint Peter, the first pope. The parishioners of this new congregation were Italians living in and around New Kensington, Arnold, and Parnassus, which later became a part of the city of New Kensington. These immigrants needed a place to worship and in 1903, the St. Peter congregation began holding Mass with a resident pastor, Reverend Vincenzo Maselli in a small building on the corner of Second Avenue and Tenth Street (known as the downtown area) in New Kensington.</p><br>
<p>Soon after, on September 28, 1903, the congregation relocated to the basement of St. Mary&#39;s Polish Church, which was also located in New Kensington. Here, the first parish register was created. The first recorded event in the new parish was a marriage on December 27, 1903. Soon after, the Burrell Improvement Company donated land on the corner of Ridge Avenue and Constitution Boulevard. On July 4, 1905, the cornerstone of St. Peter Church was laid and on September 25, 1905, Bishop Regis Canevin dedicated the new church.</p><br>
<p>In 1908, the number of attendees at St. Peter Church began to dwindle. Many of the priests who had served the congregation had been reassigned a few years earlier. In 1908, a popular priest, Father Sacchi, was sent to Mother of Sorrows Church in McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania. Parishioners formed a committee to go speak to the Bishop on Father Sacchi&#39;s behalf. Although Father Sacchi was not allowed to return to St. Peter, Reverend James Vocca, who had also been at St. Peter prior to his reassignment, was brought back to the church.</p><br>
<p>At this time, the priests who were part of St. Peter were doing the best they could to keep the faith alive in their congregation. The priests were smart men who had attended school in Italy prior to their immigration, but most were unable to speak fluent English. At a time when immigrants were desperately trying to fit into the American life and be as American as possible, going to a church where the congregation was Italian was not the most desirable choice. Therefore, many Catholic Italians began going to churches and many others changed their religion altogether. Many of these Italians were becoming Protestant. The priests were poorly paid and most lived on about twenty-five cents per day. They had no permanent housing: many slept in the church itself, and preferred the altar floor because it was the only place in the church that had carpeting. It was also common for the priests to say Mass several churches on the same day. These circuits trips were sometimes as much as twenty-five miles away.</p><br>
<h3>Italian anarchist movement</h3><br>
<p>Around 1918, the leaders of the Italian Communists and Anarchists in the United States settled themselves in New Kensington. The group was guided by the ideas of Carlo Tresca, a union organizer for Industrial Workers of the World, which were recorded first, in his newspaper La Plebe, or The Worker, and later in his anti-fascist paper, Il Martello (which translates to "the hammer"). The Italian Communists and Anarchists harassed members of the Catholic Church. Italians who did go the church were made to feel inferior and many became too intimidated to go to church at all. At St. Peter&#39;s, one priest was shot through a window while he was sitting at his desk. Another priest was threatened that if he did not leave New Kensington he would be killed. In 1918, there were only thirteen families who attended Mass at St. Peter on Sunday. This continued for several years until Carlo Tresca moved from New Kensington to New York City in 1925.</p><br>
<p>By 1929, St. Peter was crowded for all three Masses on Sunday morning. There were so many people that the balcony, the sanctuary, and both sacristies were opened seating. Eventually the priests opened the doors of the church and hundreds of people stood outside on the steps to hear the Mass. Despite all of these accommodations, there were still many people who were turned away because there was not enough space to accommodate them. There were about a thousand families who belonged to St. Peter parish, but the church itself only had about two hundred seats in the pews. In 1933, Bishop Hugh Boyle suggested the construction of a larger church and the congregation decided to construct a larger building.</p><br>
<p>The new church building was constructed by the parishioners, who broke ground in May 1941 and three years later dedicated the new building.</p><br>
<h3>World War II affects the congregation</h3><br>
<p>By May 1944, the parishioners had contributed to the war having given thousands of pints of blood to the Blood Banks; given money to the war relief campaigns; been active on the home front, and sent 808 men and women to the Armed Forces. There was a group that prepared and sent out a weekly special bulletin to the parishioners in the Armed Forces. These parishioners were happy to receive news from home on the progress of their new church and many of them sent home money to go towards the building fund. During the war, hundreds of dollars came in from these parishioners fighting in the war. Of the 808 parishioners who went off to war, seven died and their names were engraved on a piece of granite outside of the church: James DiMuzio, Arthur Capo, Nick Costelli, Justine DeFelices, Neal Chipoletti, and Anthony Zaffuto.</p><br>
<h2>Relocating and building a church by hand</h2><br>
<p>The current location was found to be too small and the congregation was in need of a larger building. Parishioners from Arnold wanted the new church to be built in their town, arguing that most of the congregation lived there. Those from Parnassus wanted the church closer to them because there were a lot of Catholics but no Catholic church in Parnassus. The parishioners from New Kensington argued that St. Peter should remain close to its current location and one was found on the corner of Freeport Road and Seventh Street. This location was approximately 100 yd from the previous St. Peter Church and was located on the top of a hill. The land was 4 acres and had a large mansion and a few small buildings on the property.</p><br>
<p>The land had once belonged to Stephen M. Young, who had been a General in the United States Army during the American Civil War and was a friend of Abraham Lincoln. Young sold the property to Frank M. Curtis for $7,000 in 1902. It was sold to David A. Leslie for $17,000 in 1914. After Mr. Leslie&#39;s death in August 1938, attorneys spoke to Mrs. Leslie about selling the property and she agreed to sell for $20,000 cash. On December 1, 1938, the congregation made a down payment of $500 cash and few days later, the Building Fund Campaign opened for the new church with a committee of one-hundred volunteers. Each parishioner who was employed full-time should sign a pledge to give $60 over a period of five years towards the building of the church. The committee was split up into groups, and the volunteers went door to door almost every day for five years until enough money was collected.</p><br>
<p>On April 1, 1939, St. Peter&#39;s congregation took possession of the land and mansion. That day, it was decided the new church would be called "Mount St. Peter". By May 1, instead of having $20,000 as anticipated, the building campaign had generated $23,500 in cash and another $75,200 in pledges.</p><br>
<h3>Acquiring materials from the Mellon Mansion</h3><br>
<p>Architect Enos Cooke of New Kensington developed the plan for the church building. In 1940, a friend of the church, John Stanish, informed Mt. St. Peters congregation that the Mellon mansion, 6500 Fifth Avenue, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was to be demolished. Stanish had worked for the three Mellon brothers until the last of them died in 1938. The Mellon family had spent years entertaining important people, including royalty, celebrities, well known financiers, and statesmen in the Mellon Mansion. It was built using Michigan sandstone and was four stories high on one side and three stories high on the other. The mansion had sixty-five rooms, plus halls and vestibules. There were 11 bathrooms, one of which had cost over $10,000 to complete because the walls and floor were covered in Italian marble and the fixtures were plated in gold. At one time, a hundred servants had maintained the house and surrounding grounds. The mansion had been completed in 1909 and had cost Mr. Mellon approximately three million dollars. The inside was filled with marble from all over the world, including China, Japan, and India. There were bronze doors cast in England, hand painted ceilings, and steel beams manufactured by the Carnegie Steel Company. In addition, one of the most expensive organs in the world was housed in this building. The items which the mansion contained were being sold for less than their actual values. For example, a half a million dollars worth of furniture had been sold for $3,800. The building contained many items that could easily be used in a church. There were mantles that could become altars and pieces of architecture, such as angel statues, that could be placed in Mount St. Peter Church. In 1940, St. Peters congregation bought all of the stone, granite, marble, bronze doors, and railings from the mansion. In addition, the congregation purchased thirty tons of steel beams, sixty-five oak doors, chandeliers, and some other items, and the members transported all of the marble 27 mi from Pittsburgh to New Kensington. The location of the mansion is now home to Mellon Park.</p><br>
<p>Many men of the congregation volunteered to transport the materials to New Kensington. The congregation found a contractor, Mr. Charles Camarata, to direct the free labor. Camarata had built hundreds of miles of road in the state of Pennsylvania and around the country. In addition, he had constructed homes, civic buildings, and churches. As soon as he agreed to take the job in December 1940, he split the volunteers into three groups. Camarata personally supervised the first group, which removed the marble from Mellon Mansion. The second group transported the marble to New Kensington and the third placed the materials on the grounds of Mt. St. Peter. This project started on December 13, 1940, and continued until May 26, 1941. The process was difficult and time consuming, made more difficult by the harsh winter of 1940–1941.</p><br>
<h3>Building Mt. St. Peter Church</h3><br>
<p>On Sunday, May 25, 1941, ground was broken for Mount St. Peter Church. The event was celebrated by the priests of St. Peters congregation and about two thousand people showed up to watch. The cornerstone was blessed on Sunday, September 7, 1941, by Reverend Alfred Koch, who was the Arch Abbot of St. Vincent in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. Many other priests from the area were also present. Father Paul Tomlinson of St. Peters Church in Pittsburgh delivered the sermon in English and Archabbot Koch closed the ceremony with the Pontifical Benediction in Italian. The large red cornerstone was made of granite and was fitted with an iron box. The box contained the memorial reports of the congregation, newspapers, American and Papal coins, and medals of the church. The cornerstone was placed so that it can be seen from inside the church. It is located by the altar of the Sacred Heart.</p><br>
<h3>Fund raising</h3><br>
<p>At the time, only about $15,000 from the building fund was still available since money had already been spent on buying the property and materials from the Mellon Mansion. Further fund raising generated 1,200 pledges, 95 percent of which were fulfilled: 60 percent of the money came from 10 percent of the parishioners and approximately 10 percent of the people did not contribute at all.</p><br>
<p>The Cenacle was run under the supervision of Dom C. Shiarella, the treasurer of the First National Bank in New Kensington and the cashier of the Building Fund Campaign. He was in charge of collecting all of the pledges made toward the Building Fund. This work kept him in the bank for one or two hours longer than the other employees every evening. This went on for almost five years. Mr. Shiarella was also in charge of making sure there was enough money in the church&#39;s bank account for the payroll that was taken out every other Friday. The needed funds were always collected in time and there was never a week when the account bounced.</p><br>
<p>By October 1941, there was little money left, and the parish sold a house it possessed on Constitution Boulevard for $7,000, which was enough to pay off the $3,000 of debt. The other $4,000 covered some of the continuing costs of construction.</p><br>
<h3>Raising the roof</h3><br>
<p>Around this time, winter was threatening and in order for the walls of the new church to be protected from potential damage, the roof had to be laid before any snow began to fall. This meant that more workers were needed to get the job done faster. This was a problem because the churchs account did not contain enough money to employ more men. As soon as the committee of 100 became aware of this, they began asking for help. They found 30 parishioners who were each willing to lend another $500 each. These parishioners had already given high contributions to the new church but were still willing to help. As a result, the church had an extra $15,000 to pay for the construction of the roof. Every day for about two months, over fifty parishioners worked on building the church roof. In December 1941, the roof was completed. One of the men who helped complete the roof read about the attack on Pearl Harbor in the newspapers and decided to quit his work on the church and enlist in the United States Air Force. James DiMuzio was the congregations first casualty in the war. There is a plaque with his name and date of death on the pier.</p><br>
<p>The winter of 1941–1942 ended up being mild through all of December and most of January and workers were able to continue work on the church until January 27, 1942. On January 4, 1941 a blizzard carried 30 mph winds and left 3 ft of snow. The blizzard forced workers inside the church. Camarata became the director of excavations, concrete, block, brick, stone and marble works, steel structures, road-grading, electric and plumbing systems, carpentry, and landscaping. John Stanish was now his assistant. He built marble grinders, hoisting devices, marble cutters, and marble sanders. He worked with much machinery, including bulldozers, steam-shovels, grading-tractors, and steam-rollers. Stanish collected marble, iron and bronze grilles, electric and plumbing equipment, lumber, panels, light fixtures, paint, chemicals, and ceiling and floor materials from Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New York. So much time and effort was put in by this one man. As a token of the parish&#39;s gratitude to him, an inscription was placed in the main vestibule of Mt. St. Peter Church, on the right, going down into the Marble Hall (downstairs of the church). The Latin inscription reads, Joannes Stanish Res Procuravit (John Stanish procured the material).</p><br>
<p>Much of the work inside the church was done by volunteers under the direction of paid plumbers, electricians, and craftsmen. In addition, all of the pattern-makers and mechanics who worked on the building did so without pay. There was also a group of women who shined marble and granite until the pieces were full of luster.</p><br>
<p>The dome over the altar was built by Alex Guadagno. He was an Italian immigrant who came to the US IN 1921. He worked for his Uncle P J Greco who owned a scrap yard in Creighton. He opened his own business and one of his works was the Iron and Bronze dome. Alex business was Gains Ornamental Iron Works and was also located in Creighton.</p><br>
<h2>Opening of Mt. St. Peter Church</h2><br>
<p>By mid-summer of 1942, Mt. St. Peter Parish was once again without funds. By this time, the majority of the work on the new church had been completed and so the congregation agreed that it was time to sell the old St. Peter Church in order to fund the new church. The General Electric Company was willing to pay $16,000 for St. Peter&#39;s and on July 16, 1942, the church became the property of the General Electric Company.</p><br>
<p>Sunday, August 9, 1942, was a day of mixed emotions for the congregation. At twelve o&#39;clock noon, one final Mass was said in the old St. Peter Church, which had been the house of the congregation for the past thirty-eight years. People cried as the Blessed Sacrament was carried out of the church by the pastor. The congregation followed the pastor up to the new church.</p><br>
<p>Mount Saint Peter Church was magnificent and rose up on the hill, but to many, it seemed as if it could not really belong to the congregation. It was much richer than Saint Peter Church and if it had not been labored upon by so many members of the congregation, none would have felt worthy to call it their parish. But since so much work, love, and faith had been spent on this place of worship, parishioners became proud to have the honor of attending Mass there every Sunday. As a construction site, it had held some dangers. On September 28, 1941, a group of teenage boys, just out of high school, were making concrete flooring for the church at the Burrell Construction Company. A large crane operating above them made an unusual movement, causing its bucket, which weighed several tons, to come down with a huge crash right in their midst. All the working tools were completely destroyed but none of the boys were hurt. The bronze door at the front entrance fell on a worker, and everyone believed he had been crushed to death. When ten men lifted the door, they found the worker unharmed underneath it. In another case, an 18-year-old was assigned a job on the tower of the church before it was roofed. No one realized that he had poor eyesight and he fell from the tower while working. On his way down, he was able to grab onto a pulley that was suspended from the tower.</p><br>
<p>Although much time has passed since the completion of the church and although the majority of those who helped to build it have passed on, Mt. St. Peter Church still stands as a Roman Catholic church located at 100 Freeport Road in New Kensington, Pennsylvania. The church is located along the Allegheny River and is approximately 25 mi north-east of the city of Pittsburgh. It is a member of the Diocese of Greensburg. The congregation was founded by Italian immigrants in the early 1900s and the building that now stands as Mt. St. Peter Church was built by its members. In 1998, the building applied for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places as part of a Multiple Property listing that included several properties in New Kensington.</p><br>
<h2>Additions to the church</h2><br>
<h3>The Marble Hall</h3><br>
<p>The Marble Hall is the basement of Mt. St. Peter&#39;s and is 125 by. Before the church had been completed, this area had been filled with valuable material from the Mellon Mansion until the materials found their proper places in the upstairs of the church. By winter of 1944, the basement was completely empty. During this time, there were men working on building the Rectory, but since there was much snow, they could not return to their work on the Rectory until spring. Nicholas Givens had donated a large quantity of marble for the basement, so they began work on the basement. The workers covered the ground with black asphalt tile and the walls and pillars with white Carrara marble. Two marble altars were constructed along with a large kitchen built to feed up to 400 people. They also built a furnace room and a large workshop to the side of the kitchen.</p><br>
<p>When work on the Marble Hall was being done, from 1944 to 1948, the assistant pastor of Mount St. Peters was Father George Goralka, who executed an inscription around the central nave of the ceiling of the Marble Hall, Christs proclamation of Peters Primacy: "Blessed art thou Simon Son of Jona and I say to thee, thou art Peter and upon this Rock I will build my Church and the gates of Hell shall not prevail against it, and I will give thee the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven and whatever thou shall bind on earth shall be bound in Heaven and whatever thou shall loose on earth shall be loosed in Heaven." The basement was called the Marble Hall after completion and the name stuck. The Marble Hall is mostly used for special breakfasts and dinners, and for fish fry fundraisers during Lent. The hall also serves as the parishs Italian Restaurant during the Festa Italiana each August. On special holidays when more parishioners than usual attend Mass, which usually include Christmas, Palm Sunday, and Easter, the Mass is said in both the upstairs of the church and downstairs in the Marble Hall.</p><br>
<h3>The rectory</h3><br>
<p>According to the Council of Trent, every Catholic church is required to have a residing pastor. Before the building of the rectory began in 1944, the three priests and their housekeeper had lived in the Leslie Mansion (the mansion on the property). The mansion was over a hundred years old, was a frame building, had very few rooms, provided poor living conditions, and had a water pump at the main entrance.</p><br>
<p>Therefore, the parish was in desperate need of a new rectory and the new project was begun in 1944. An engineer, Frank H. Recco, was the technical advisor of the project. Parishioners borrowed a bulldozer from the John F. Casey Company in Aspinwall, and a steam shovel from the Burrell Construction and Supply Company of New Kensington; and they dug the foundation for a two-level building.</p><br>
<p>Cinder blocks were purchased for eight cents each. Flexicore slabs were made by young men of the parish on the grounds of the Burrell Construction Company and also at Mt. St. Peter&#39;s. They were made under the direction of Charles Cammarata, who was assisted by the General Electric Co. The slabs, once completed, were used to make the floors and roof. John Stanish gathered free flexicore forms from Dayton, Ohio, free cement from the Burrell Construction Company, and free bricks from an abandoned brick-yard in New Kensington.</p><br>
<p>The three-story rectory took three years to complete. On the first floor, there is a dining room, a breakfast room, a kitchen, a pantry, space for archives, a laundry room, and a three car garage. There are four separate stairways that lead up to the second floor. The second floor has three offices, a community room, a large library, and a spacious veranda. In the hallway, there is a large stained glass window made in Germany, but repurposed from the Mellon Mansion. The third floor can be reached from either of two stairwells. The floor has ten rooms divided into four apartments and two guestrooms. This floor also has an open veranda.</p><br>
<p>In addition, the house has nine bathrooms and one elevator, which were taken from the Mellon Mansion. Also taken from the Mellon Mansion were two fireplaces. The one was carved in Italy from lava of Mount Vesuvius and is located in the community room. The other, located in the dining room on the first floor, was carved out of red Michigan sandstone by an Italian-American sculptor.</p><br>
<h3>The Mount Saint Peter Oval</h3><br>
<p>Once the church and rectory had been completed, the workers began to envision a plaza. The area that was to become the oval was still occupied by the mansion that was on the Mt. St. Peter grounds. With the permission of the Chancery Office of the Diocese of Pittsburgh, the mansion was demolished and only a few of the fixtures were removed by the church prior to the demolition.</p><br>
<p>A 10 ft wide road was built around the area that was to become the oval. John Stanish decided to have the oval paved with small pieces marble. He collected the marble remaining from the building of the church along with other pieces. The pieces were all different types, colors, and sizes. Mr. Stanish instructed John Martorana to lay them.</p><br>
<p>Martorana placed the pieces of marble in a way that looked artistic. In 1947, a pedestal of granite taken from the Mellon Mansion was erected on the northern end of the oval. On top of it was placed a life-size bronze statue of Christ with open arms. On Armistice Day, November 11, 1951, the monument was dedicated to the defenders of the United States.</p><br>
<p>A high flying flagpole was presented to the oval by Alcoa. The American flag was hoisted on it for the first time by Joseph Iozzi, who was a disabled veteran of World War II. Nearly all of the fraternal organizations of the New Kensington community were represented at the dedication ceremony. The Reverend Monsignor Giustino Meniconzi, who was the Vicar-General of the Diocese of Ferentino, Italy, blessed the statue of Christ and the American flag.</p><br>
<h3>Convent school</h3><br>
<p>The next thing built on the grounds was an eight foot arch that went from the rectory to the next future building. A statue of Saint Peter was placed in the niche over the keystone of the arch. From the arch, a large stairway descends to the lower level of the grounds.</p><br>
<p>For two years, from 1948 to 1950, work was done on the new building connected to the rectory by the arch. The three-story building was made of flexicore slab and the outside was made from a mixture of new and old bricks in the back and Michigan red sandstone in the front, so that the building was the same color as the buildings to which it was adjoined. The interior of the building was plastered by one of the best plasterers in the area, Dom Graziano, who was the son of a parishioner. He did all of the plastering for free.</p><br>
<p>When the building was finished, it had two classrooms, a kitchen, a laundry room, a pantry, and a main entrance on the first floor. On the second floor, there were three classrooms and a chapel with an adjoining sacristy. The third floor was a living area for the teaching sisters. It had eight cells, a kitchen, a refectory, and a community room. All in all, the building was a permanent convent and a temporary parochial school.</p><br>
<h3>Parochial school</h3><br>
<p>Since the convent school was small and only temporary, the next order of business was to build the actual school. The parochial school took ten years to build (1950–1960). This building also consists of three floors and is covered with red sandstone in the front. The rear of the building is made of white Pennsylvania sandstone. There is a bell tower on the building. It has three heavy, bronze bells that were salvaged from three Protestant churches of Pittsburgh.</p><br>
<p>The walls of the building are faced with blue tiles from Kittanning. Mr. Clifford McNees, who was the president of the Kittanning Tile and Brick Company at the time when Mt. St. Peter bought the tile, sold the tiles for a lot cheaper than normal price. He felt that it would not be fair to take advantage of a church by charging high prices. Another man who helped save the parish money in the constructing of the school was parishioner Luigi Valle. He advised the workers on how to set the tiles for many days while refusing to be paid for his services. Valle died in his early 40s, before the tile laying was completed. His place was taken by Bruno Regoli and two of his sons, Bruno, Jr. and John. (John would later become a priest of Mt. St. Peter Parish.) The three men faced the entire third floor with tile, a job that took them more than a month to complete.</p><br>
<p>Two huge granite lions, taken from the gardens of the Mellon Mansion, stand guard at the main entrance of the school and the door is surmounted with a terracotta Madonna by Della Robbia. In the school, there are nine classrooms, two auditoriums, a library, a cafeteria, and a utility kitchen. When the school was completed in 1960, it opened for children in grades 1–8. Later on, a kindergarten and preschool were added.</p><br>
<p>In September 2002, Mount Saint Peter School no longer stood alone but rather became part of Mary Queen of Apostles School. The new school resulted from the consolidation of Mount Saint Peter, Saint Joseph, and Saint Margaret Mary Schools. Now, the school at Mt. St. Peter&#39;s now educates children in preschool through third grade.</p><br>
<h2>Pastors of Mt. St. Peter</h2><br>
<p>The pastor of Mt. St. Peter Parish is appointed to the position by the Bishop and is the leader of the parish. When one steps down, is transferred to another church, passes away, or retires, another is appointed. He is in charge of making sure that everything goes smoothly with the priests and administration of the church. The pastor works in collaboration with the Parish Staff, the Parish Pastoral Council, and the Parish Finance Council. His mission is to proclaim and help facilitate the building of the Kingdom of God among the parishioners of Mt. St. Peter Church.</p><br>
<h2>Congregation in the 21st century</h2><br>
<p>As of 2009, the congregation had approximately five thousand two hundred and nine parishioners. The church&#39;s new motto, adopted in 2004, is: "to restore all things in Christ...with the fire of love."</p><br>
<p>Mass is said at 8:30 am everyday from Monday to Friday and at 4:00 pm on Saturday evenings. Sunday Masses are said weekly at 8:30 and 10:30 am.</p><br>
<h3>Festa Italiana</h3><br>
<p>As part of its continuing mission, the congregation sponsors an annual Festa Italiana every August. The festival itself is full of activities, but one of the main attractions is the food. The menu usually includes lasagna with homemade noodles, spaghetti and meatballs, hot sausage sandwich with onions and peppers, pasta e fagiole, Italian rice balls, and other items such as pulled pork and baked chicken. Desserts include cannoli, frappe, pizelles, biscotti and gelato</p><br>
<p>One parishioner explained, "I like seeing everyone from town, but the food is always an attraction."</p><br>
<h3>Parish organizations</h3><br>
<p>The organizations listed are the ones that are currently active, there were in the past, many others, like the Committee of a hundred (mentioned in the history section), which are no longer in existence.</p><br>
<h4>Addolorata Society</h4><br>
<p>Some of their events include attending funeral Masses and collecting money to purchase altar linens, vestments, and altar lights. The presidents of the society since 1903 in chronological order are as follows: Mrs. Rose Spinelli, Mrs. Michelina Fragale, Mrs. Maria Greco, Mrs. Rose Pascuzzi, Mrs. Santa Bordonaro, Mrs. Anna Bordonaro, Mrs. Sabetta, Mrs. Carmina Chirella, Georgeanne Stearman, and Sandy Laney.</p><br>
<h4>Saint Anthony Guild</h4><br>
<p>In 1939, Mrs. Angela Costanza Bongiovanni, along with the help of Monsignor Fusco, founded the Saint Anthony Guild. At that time, 32 women joined Mrs. Bongiovanni&#39;s new guild. The mission of the guild was to serve the special needs of the parish and to help the poor and disadvantaged in the area. Also, the guild volunteered its time and effort at the St. Anthony Orphanage in Oakmont, hence the name "Saint Anthony Guild". All the members of the Saint Anthony Guild are women and they strive to provide their group with fellowship and spiritual renewal through the help the bestow on the church and community.</p><br>
<p>As of 2010, there are 47 active members of the organization and the president is Suzette Venturini. The group meets on the third Tuesday of February, April, May, August, September, October and November in the Marble Hall of Mt. St. Peter Church. The meetings consist of discussing projects and praying together. The St. Anthony Guild is known for their visits to the home-bound of the parish at Christmas and Easter and also for their Tree of Angels Campaign. This campaign allows parishioners to purchase angels in memory of loved ones that are placed on the churchs Christmas tree. The money raised from these angel ornaments is donated to children in need. The guild also has many entertaining fundraisers to raise money for their charity projects. Some of these include a dance for parishioners in the fall, bingo nights, and selling coupons for special shopping days at Macys.</p><br>
<h4>Altar servers</h4><br>
<p>Altar servers wear long, white, plain robes and assist the priest in his duties during the Mass. At Mt. St. Peter Church, there are four altar servers at every Mass. One is the book bearer and is in charge of bringing the Bible to the priest at the times during which the priest reads from the Bible during the Mass. The cross bearer holds a large, wooded crucifix and commences the procession in which the priest enters the church. Also present in the procession are the acolytes, and the book bearer. He or she also leads the procession out of the church at the end of the Mass. The last two altar servers are acolytes and are in charge of lighting the candles in the church prior to the beginning of the Mass and extinguishing them after Mass.</p><br>
<h4>Confraternity of Christian Doctrine</h4><br>
<p>Members of the confraternity serve as teachers in the Sunday Schools of the parish (there are seven different Sunday Schools belonging to Mt. St. Peter&#39;s in total). The majority of children who attend one of the Sunday Schools are ages 6–12.</p><br>
<h4>Holy Name Society</h4><br>
<p>Members of the society host a Mass and breakfast on the Sunday prior to Palm Sunday every year and an annual Golf Outing during the summer. Money raised at these two events is donated to the parish to help aid in the costs of parish projects.</p><br>
<h4>Ushers&#39; Club</h4><br>
<p>The Ushers Club consists of thirty or less men of the parish. They are chosen to join the club by the authority of the church. All members are required to do their job as "ushers" during Mass. This job entails showing people to available seats, telling parishioners when it is the right time to rise and get in line for communion, and collecting the monetary offerings of the parishioners during the presenting of the gifts to the altar. Members of the Ushers Club also serve the church by volunteering their time and labor at the social activities of the parish.</p><br>
<h4>St. Vincent De Paul Society</h4><br>
<p>Mt. St. Peter Parish has a branch of the Saint Vincent De Paul Society. The goal of this branch of the society, like all other branches, is to help the poor, the sick, and the suffering. Members of this group work to help people locally by collecting food and delivering it to food banks in and around New Kensington.</p><br>
<h4>Mount Saint Peter Parish Council</h4><br>
<p>In March 1972, the Mount Saint Peter Parish Council was first elected. The group consists of eighteen elected members and it advises and assists the pastor in important decisions concerning the affairs of the church. The main purpose of the council is to give the pastor an insight into what the parish community thinks and how it feels about different issues. All of the parish activities must go through the four standing committees, which are the Liturgy, Education, Apostolic Work, and Temporalities.</p><br>
<p>Foster-Meeker House is a historic home located at Westhampton Beach in Suffolk County, New York. It was built about 1750 and is a classic Long Island, Cape Cod-type dwelling. It is a one-story, five-bay, center-door dwelling whose compact massing is characteristic of mid-18th century construction. It was acquired by the Westhampton Beach Historical Society in 2008 and moved to its present location to prevent demolition.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>William Cauldwell House is a historic home located at Noyack in Suffolk County, New York. It was built in 1892 for newspaper publisher William Cauldwell, and is a three-story, three bay wide building with a steeply pitched, side gabled roof, a two-story central dormer extending from the second through the third stories and a single story, wrap-around porch. It is in the Queen Anne style.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Sagaponack Historic District is a national historic district located at Sagaponack in Suffolk County, New York. There are 131 contributing buildings, one contributing site, and three contributing structures. It includes residences, farm complexes, agricultural buildings, the Sagaponack School, and the General Store / Post Office. Dwellings reflect residential development from Sagaponack&#39;s early settlement in the 17th century, Federal and Greek Revival style residences of the early to mid-18th century, popular revival styles of the mid- to late-19th century, and early 20th century American Foursquare and Bungalow styles,</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Beach Road Historic District is a national historic district located at Southampton in Suffolk County, New York. The district has nine contributing buildings. They are large mansions that are centerpieces of their individual estates. Each mansion is in a different architectural style popular in the early 20th century. They were originally built, as summer estates by some of America&#39;s most prominent and wealthy families, including the Mellons, Duponts, and Ladds.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Wickapogue Road Historic District is a national historic district located at Southampton in Suffolk County, New York. The district has 17 contributing buildings located on six farmsteads. It is a rare surviving cohesive collection of historic farmsteads which illustrate Southampton&#39;s early agrarian settlement and subsequent agricultural development from 1684 to 1910.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Water Mill Museum is a historic water mill and local history museum located at 41 Old Mill Road, Water Mill in Suffolk County, New York, USA. It is a 2-story, heavy wood-frame structure with a wood-shingle exterior and composed of two building sections. There is a 2-story, square-shaped main section and 1-story, one-bay wing. Attached to the rear is a -story tower and 1-story glassed-in porch. The mill structure dates to the mid-17th century. It operated as a mill until the early 20th century. It is now a local museum.</p><br>
<p>This local history Museum opens around Memorial Day every year, offering family-friendly exhibits all about this historical hamlet, founded in 1644. Events and experiences abound! The Museum is free, and first floor is handicapped accessible.</p><br>
<p>Find all you need to visit us at: https://watermillmuseum.org/</p><br>
<p>The Museum is open Thursday, Friday, and Saturday 11am–4pm, and Sundays 1pm–4pm.</p><br>
<h2>The First Mill</h2><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. First mill, which was grinding wheat, oats and corn by 1644, was a few hundred yards to the north of its current site on Mill Creek. English colonists from Lynn, Massachusetts had settled in Southampton as the puritans spread over the northeast to Connecticut and New York. Miller Edward Howell had also owned a water mill in Lynn and he selected a 100-acre pond at Mill Creek three miles from Southampton for a mill. Howell was town magistrate and convinced the elders to provide 39 acres on the pond, he also got laborers and funds to aid in building a Water wheel</p><br>
<p>mill. Millstones were cut from two large boulders taken from the moraine just north of the site. Community mills operated on a barter system, where farmers had the miller grind the grist in exchange for 10% and were usually built on public lands.</p><br>
<h2>Water Mill</h2><br>
<p>In 1726 it was decided to move the mill south, and it was moved again in 1790. The town granted permission for both moves and work to improve mill operation by a combination of a dam and roadway at its present site on Old Water Mill Road. First mill had an overshot wheel but at the dam site an undershot wheel was used. Archivists also unearthed evidence in the basement of the mill that suggested use at sometime in the past of a horizontal tub water wheel. The mill ownership changed thru the years. William Ludlam Sr. purchased it from Howell whom was a wealthy businessman with other interests in 1653 and it remained in the Ludlam family for over one hundred years. Subsequent owners Elias Petty, William Foster, Hugh Smith explored the industrial uses of the mill. Jesse hedges and John White also used its power to weave, full cloth and manufacture paper. John Benedict arrived in 1819 to work at the mill as a fuller, dyer and dresser of cloth. By 1833 he was the deeded owner. The Benedict family subsequently used the building for dyeing, spinning, weaving and fulling wool cloth. The mill still took grain in for grist. When the LIRR began operating nearby water to the mill was reduced, in 1892 the Benedicts installed a red windpump windmill to aid in grinding. It was later removed. By the early 1900s the mill was no longer a working concern. In 1921 the Ladies Auxiliary of Water Mill began leasing the building and make necessary repairs. Annual leasing ended in 1942 and they became owners of the mill. In 1968 the LAWM began restoring the mill as a museum. In 1976, the landmarked water-powered grist mill was working and able to replicate 18th century grinding methods.</p><br>
<p>The water mill museum has an annual quilt show and permanent exhibits on the history of Water Mill. It is currurrently operated by the Water Mill Museum Inc., a non-profit organization.</p><br>
<p>Greenport Village Historic District is a national historic district located at Greenport in Suffolk County, New York. The district has 254 contributing buildings. It contains a large, dense collection of largely unchanged structures from about 1750 to the 1930s. It includes a simple 18th and 19th century settlement period house, a large representative mixture of mid- to late-19th century residential design, a small Main Street commercial district, and architecturally distinctive churches and institutional buildings.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Orient Historic District is a national historic district in Orient in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The district has 120 contributing buildings and one contributing structure. They were constructed between the late 18th and late 19th century, the most common building type being a "Cape Cod type," a frame dwelling of one and one half stories sheathed in shingles or clapboard. It also includes a number of examples of popular 19th-century building styles, such as Italianate. The focal point of the district is Orient Wharf, established in 1740.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Southold Historic District is a national historic district located at the hamlet of Southold in Suffolk County, New York. The district has 86 contributing buildings, one contributing site, and two contributing objects. The majority are residential buildings built either with a heavy timber frame or balloon frame construction and range in date from about 1656 to about 1938. The district also includes three prominent religious facilities and educational facilities.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>David Tuthill Farmstead is a historic farm complex located at Cutchogue in Suffolk County, New York. It includes the main house, a one-story wash house, a privy, a one-story shop, a one-story garage, and a large barn with attached water tower. The original one story 1798 farmhouse has a five bay, center entrance, center chimney plan. Attached to the original farmhouse is a two-story wing built about 1880.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Joshua Wells House, also known as Wells-Fleet-Goldsmith-Kendrick House and 1680 House, is a historic home located at Cutchogue in Suffolk County, New York. It is a -story, timber-framed residence constructed about 1680 and extensively remodeled in 1815. The house has been moved twice and now sits on a brick foundation constructed during its last move in 1857.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Richard Cox House is a historic home located at Mattituck in Suffolk County, New York. It was originally constructed in 1826 in the Greek Revival style and extensively remodeled in the 1870s in the Italianate style. The house features a cupola atop a low hipped roof. Also on the property is a -story, Stick-style former carriage barn.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Jesse and Ira Tuthill House is a historic home located at Mattituck in Suffolk County, New York. It was built in two stages, 1799 and 1841. The original two-room house was incorporated as a -story wing for the larger 2-story, nine-room house. The final 1841 house is a -story residence with a modestly pitched gable roof with a wide frieze running beneath the roof eave.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Mattituck-Laurel Historical Society owns the 1799 Jesse Tuthill House and 1841 Ira Tuthill House and operates them as period historic house museums.</p><br>
<p>Terry-Mulford House is a historic home located at Orient in Suffolk County, New York. It was built in 1716, with later additions. A side wing was built about 1800 and third wing added in the early 20th century. Also on the property is a pyramidal-roofed well and small shed.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The sign is incorrect; it was never a tavern</p><br>
<p>Joseph Nelson Hallock House, also known as the Ann Currie-Bell House, is a historic home located at Southold in Suffolk County, New York. It is a two-story, five bay Shingle Style dwelling with a cross gabled, gambrel style cedar shingled roof. It is part of an outdoor museum complex operated by the Southold Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1900 for Joseph N. Hallock.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Landon House, also known as the Thomas Moore House, is a historic home located in Southold in Suffolk County, New York. It is an L-shaped, -story, five-bay, New England Colonial–style residence with a central fireplace and a cross-gabled roof. It is part of a museum complex operated by the Southold Historical Society. In 2019, Southold Historical Society installed a permanent exhibition titled "Slavery in Southold" in the Samuel Landon House. Five enslaved people lived in the house circa 1760.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Town Doctors&#39; House and Site is a historic home located at Southold in Suffolk County, New York. The house was built about 1720, and expanded in about 1880, 1930, and 2002–2003. The house is a -story, northern-Colonial–style building with a cross-gabled roof and central chimney. The site includes Bilberry Swamp, where the earliest Euro-American occupation occurred around 1664. There is evidence on the site of pre-17th-century occupation by Native Americans.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Henry W. Prince Building, also known as Prince Store, is a historic commercial building located at Southold in Suffolk County, New York. It was built in 1874 and is a two-story, six-bay brick building with a front gabled roof. The building is currently owned by the Southold Historical Society and its affiliated gift shop. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>New Suffolk School is a historic school building located at New Suffolk in Suffolk County, New York. It was built in 1907 and is a one-story, hip-roofed structure on a raised brick basement, with an engaged two-story central tower. Originally a two-room schoolhouse, it was expanded to three rooms in 1923. It features compound massing, complex roof form and eyebrow windows of the Queen Anne and Shingle styles and the Tuscan porch columns and oval windows common to the Colonial Revival style.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Brecknock Hall is a historic home located at Stirling in Suffolk County, New York. It was built in 1857 and is a -story, square cut ashlar stone residence in the Italianate style. The central projecting gable has a one-room sized cupola centrally located on the roof. Also on the property is a 19th-century barn, a small early 20th-century greenhouse, and an early 20th-century caretaker&#39;s house.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The South Orange Fire Headquarters is located in South Orange, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1926 under the direction of architects, Arthur Dillon and Henry L Beadel. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 22, 1998. The building serves as the headquarters for the South Essex Fire Department. On April 22, 2002, the Fire Headquarters was closed due to the presence of asbestos throughout the structure. The building was renovated and reopened several years later.</p><br>
<p>The Rennic Road Bridge is a single-span Warren truss bridge in Washington County, Arkansas. It historically carried Rennic Road  across an unnamed creek in a rural part of the county about 2 mi northeast of the hamlet of Cincinnati, Arkansas, but has recently been bypassed, and stands next to the modern bridge. The bridge has a span of 37 ft and a total length of 41 ft. It was built c. 1915, probably replacing a bridge built around the time the road was laid out c. 1880. The steel for the trusses came from the Cambria Steel Company of Johnstown, Pennsylvania; the builder is not known.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 as the County Road 6 Bridge.</p><br>
<p>Babylon Town Hall, also known as Town of Babylon Old Town Hall, is a historic town hall located at Babylon in Suffolk County, New York. It was built in 1917 and is a -story Classical Revival style building with a low hipped roof. It is rectangular in shape, approximately 58 feet long and 54 feet wide. It features a cupola at the center of the roof and a large 2-story portico with four Doric order columns. It housed town offices until 1958, and housed district courts until 1979, when it was sold. Old Town Hall was purchased back by the town in June 2004 and rededicated on Sunday, October 24, 2004.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. A historical marker was erected by the Town of Babylon in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Nathaniel Conklin House is a historic house located at 280 Deer Park Avenue in Babylon, Suffolk County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1803 and consists of a rectangular main block and a smaller back extension. It has a two-story plus attic, five-bay-wide, frame building with an attached kitchen wing of one and one half stories. It was moved to its present site in 1871. It has been owned and operated by the American Red Cross since 1945. As described by state records, the house is notable in its attention to craftsmanship. "The weather sheathing of this 1803 house is of hand-split and dressed shingles (except under the porch). These are butt-nailed with cut nails set and puttied."</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 8, 1988.</p><br>
<p>90 Church Street is a federal office building in Lower Manhattan in New York City. The building houses the United States Postal Service&#39;s Church Street Station, which is responsible for the 10007 ZIP code. The building takes up a full block between Church Street and West Broadway and between Vesey and Barclay Streets.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>90 Church Street was designed by Cross & Cross, Pennington, Lewis & Mills and Louis A. Simon, who was Supervising Architect of the Department of the Treasury at the time. The architectural style of the building is a mixture of Neo-classicism and Art Deco. It has two towers and the facade is clad in limestone. The AIA Guide to New York City described the building as "a boring limestone monolith that has trouble deciding between a heritage of stripped down neo-Classical and a new breath of Art Deco."</p><br>
<p>The building was completed in 1935.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. The building was extensively renovated by Boston Properties, Inc from the early 1990s though 2000 by Architects Swanke Hayden Connell Architects and Brannen Associates.</p><br>
<p>In addition to housing the Postal Service, the 90 Church Street building contains offices of the New York State Public Service Commission, the New York State Health Department, and the New York City Housing Authority.</p><br>
<h3>September 11 attacks</h3><br>
<p>The building suffered moderate damage during the September 11 attacks due to a remnant of one of the planes and other debris landing on top of the building. Following the collapse of the World Trade Centers twin towers, the building&#39;s facade was damaged, windows were broken, the roof was seriously burned and major water damage occurred throughout the internal structure. It was also extensively contaminated with asbestos, lead dust, fungi, fiberglass dust, mercury, and bacteria. The building was entirely engulfed by dust after the collapse of both buildings, respectively, and was further damaged when Building 7 collapsed later the same day. There was no major structural damage. During recovery efforts at Ground Zero, the United States Postal Service worked to return individual pieces of mail found by rescue workers to the addressees. In August 2004, the Church Street Station Post Office reopened, and mail was once again being processed there. Church Street Station also serves the 10007 ZIP code, covering portions of Battery Park City, Tribeca, and Civic Center.</p><br>
<p>Wendell August Forge is America&#39;s oldest and largest such forge still in existence in the United States. The original facility was a historic landmark in Mercer County, Pennsylvania. The company operates retail stores in Grove City, and Berlin, Ohio, and Wilmington, North Carolina; the forge and the stores are well-known tourist destinations. Wendell August was the first to use the repoussé process of manufacture, and has operated near Grove City since 1932. It produces a variety of merchandise, including Americana, such as bowls, figurines and ornaments, as well as commemorative items.</p><br>
<p>First founded by coal miner Wendell McMinn August in 1923 in Brockway, Pennsylvania, it moved to Grove City almost a decade later. When that facility was built in 1932, the forge was a simple one-story rectangular building measuring approximately 60 ft by 160 ft; its frame was steel, constructed on a foundation of poured concrete. That property was located in a primarily residential neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>2010 fire</h2><br>
<p>The historic facility was destroyed by a fire on March 6, 2010 started by a spark from an electric ventilation fan. The fire moved rapidly throughout the structure, pressing almost two dozen local firefighters into service.</p><br>
<p>While the building itself was a total loss, firefighters knew where the dies that were most crucial to the forge&#39;s regular operation were held and worked to keep flames away from that part of the building, and were able to save the majority of them.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the fire, Wendell August Forge had just completed a deal with the Pittsburgh Penguins, which had been the biggest purchase in the forges history. The deal was to produce souvenir tickets for the NHL teams final home game at Mellon Arena before it would be demolished to make way for its successor, CONSOL Energy Center. Team owner Mario Lemieux offered to advance some of the money to the forge prior to the order&#39;s completion after being assured that the order would be filled without a problem.</p><br>
<p>The forge was operating from temporary locations within five days with little disruption in service. For the next three years, factory and office operations were located at the old Cooper-Bessemer plant in Grove City with a temporary retail outlet at the nearby Slovak Folk Crafts.</p><br>
<p>Wendell August Forge was grandfathered under subsequent zoning changes made in the borough of Grove City since it first opened. It could only be rebuilt on the existing lot in Grove City if it complied with the current zoning regulations, which was not feasible. With the help of a state grant of $4 million secured by then-state Senator Don White, the forge relocated to a new location in a substantially larger facility and increased its workforce from 70 to 120.</p><br>
<p>On October 9, 2013, Wendell August opened its new flagship store, factory and headquarters at 2074 Leesburg-Grove City Rd, 1/2 mile west of the Grove City Premium Outlets in Springfield Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania. The new 52,000 square foot facility includes a history center and offers tours of the factory.</p><br>
<p>The company pioneered the production of hammered aluminum giftware, which it first produced in 1930.</p><br>
<p>Miller Place Historic District is a national historic district located at Miller Place in Suffolk County, New York. The district contains 27 contributing buildings. It encompasses a concentration of the rural vernacular architecture characteristic of Long Island from the mid-18th through late 19th century. They are largely 1- to -story, wood-frame dwellings sheathed in clapboard or wood shingles. Also included is the Miller Place Academy building.</p><br>
<p>The Historic District spans from the William Miller Homestead on North Country Road (CR 20) at the west end, to just beyond the Vassilaros house, then turns northeast along Lower Rocky Point Road until it reaches Gully Landing Road to the east end. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and was the first national historic district in the Town of Brookhaven.</p><br>
<p>Port Jefferson Village Historic District is a national historic district located at Port Jefferson in Suffolk County, New York. The district contains 98 contributing buildings. It includes a mix of residences, commercial buildings, and a church. The district is primarily residential dating from 1800 to 1915, with a majority built from the 1840s to 1870s in the Greek Revival and Italianate styles.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>West Meadow Beach Historic District is a peninsula of public parkland approximately 1.5 miles long and a former national historic district located in northwestern Stony Brook in Suffolk County, New York. The district through much of the 20th century contained 120 summer cottages built along West Meadow Beach on Long Island Sound. Most were constructed during the 1920s and 1930s , under deeds provided as political favors.</p><br>
<p>In 1979 a state court ruled that the cottages were illegal, as the underlying property was public parkland. All but four of the cottages were removed in 2004. The remaining ones are being adapted for public purposes.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early part of the century, including through the 1920s, lots along the beach were leased out by the Town and people built summer cottages. Some families who owned these cottages returned to the beach annually for decades.</p><br>
<p>In 1976 the Brookhaven Town Board resolved to dedicate all of the peninsula as a town park, including the beach. There had long been complaints by residents about the cottages on the public land and the privileges held by their lessees. The beach shoreline was open to the public although some of the upper areas near the road were occupied by the seasonal cottages. The central portion of the beach near the parking lot was staffed by licensed lifeguards during the summer season and a small public building provided the facilities.</p><br>
<p>In 1979 a State Supreme Court ruled that these privately held cottages were illegally sited on, and therefore alienating, public parkland owned by the Town of Brookhaven. Years of controversy followed as local people pushed to have the cottages moved off the parkland.</p><br>
<p>In 1996 Assemblyman Steve Englebright gained passage of a bill to allow a short extension of the leases (8 years) in exchange for allowing the Town to use the rents collected during that time period for costs associated with removing the structures before 2005. The cottage holders relinquished title under the bill. Their $7,000-a-year lease payments were collected for a fund to pay for the demolition of the cottages and construction of a park. During this period, the Town collected about $1.8 million for each project. The funds for park restoration could also be used to protect this ecosystem, and educate the public in understanding the value of this significant coastal salt marsh habitat.</p><br>
<p>In part to resist the state court order and subsequent state legislation to restore the public parkland and beach, the cottage "leaseholders" worked with allies to have the entire peninsula and its cottages added to the National Register of Historic Places as a National Historic District, which was achieved on October 28, 2004. By that time, 92 cottages remained. They were an example of historic uses that did not exist in many places. Despite this, the state court-mandated removal orders took precedence. The historic district was removed from the National Register in 2022.</p><br>
<p>In December 2004, the remaining residents were evicted, the cottages were removed, and the process was begun to restore the beach. A total of four cottages were preserved for adaptive re-use for various public purposes. Three are reserved for use by the Brookhaven Town Parks Department, Public Safety Department, and Division of Environmental Protection, to assist in ecosystem protection of this parkland and in education of the public.</p><br>
<p>Located at the southern tip of the peninsula known as Shipman&#39;s Point, the most significant historic structure, the noted Gamecock Cottage (c. 1876) with Victorian-style architecture, was likewise preserved. The Gamecock Cottage is being restored by the town government. It will be protected under a stewardship agreement with a non-profit community organization, the Three Village Community Trust.</p><br>
<p>Public parking off West Meadow Lane (formerly called Trustees Road) is available in the northern section of the peninsula near the active Town Beach, also known as the Joel L. Lefkowitz Park at West Meadow Beach. It is open to Town of Brookhaven residents for free and during the beach season, to non-residents on a daily fee basis. A small center is open on the marsh side for viewing and programs.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>West Meadow&#39;s mile-long beach, maritime forest, and 88-acre nearby tidal salt marshes and wetlands along West Meadow Creek have been designated the West Meadow Wetlands Reserve. This wildlife reserve provides a habitat to a number of shore birds and song birds species, inclusive of the endangered piping plover and least terns, as well as egrets, black-crowned night herons, and osprey. It is designated as a New York State Significant Coastal Fish & Wildlife Habitat, and a Long Island Sound Study Stewardship Area. In 2006, the West Meadow Beach Restoration Master Plan was initiated to guide the project.</p><br>
<p>Varieties of song birds identified in the brushy areas along the creek include the following:</p><br>
<p>Chipping Sparrows and Song Sparrows</p><br>
<p>Yellow, Blue Winged and Prairie Warblers</p><br>
<p>House and Carolina Wrens</p><br>
<p>Yellow and Black Billed Cuckoos</p><br>
<p>Brown Thrashers, Mockingbirds and Grey Catbirds</p><br>
<p>House and Gold Finches</p><br>
<p>Downy and Red Bellied Woodpeckers</p><br>
<p>Baltimore Orioles</p><br>
<p>Cedar Waxwings and Eastern Kingbird</p><br>
<p>With its combination of tidal saltwater marsh around West Meadow Creek, the beach strip and Long Island Sound, the park attracts numerous wildlife photographers. In the spring the edges of the long beach are filled with mating horseshoe crabs, an ancient species.</p><br>
<p>The Pavilion, the site for environmental programs, is located on the marsh side. A ranger and environmental educator assigned to the park leads such programs for children and adults, including moonlight walks and seasonal programs to view migrating species. Boy Scouts can participate in programs to satisfy environmental, forestry and oceanography badges. Since 2009, young men from local high schools have built three chimney swift towers near the parking lot and three bat houses in the park, to provide nesting areas to attract important species that help control mosquitoes and are struggling with loss of habitat.</p><br>
<p>In 2011 the town undertook a project to eradicate a batch of invasive perennial pepperweed found among the beach plants.</p><br>
<p>First National Bank of Port Jefferson is a historic bank building located at Port Jefferson in Suffolk County, New York. It is a -story brick building with a 2-story turret that projects from the second story of the southwest corner and rises above the roof line. The turret has a steeply pitched, cone shaped slate roof and three windows on both levels. The main entrance to the building used to be directly below the turret, but was made into a window around 1949 when a 1-story brick, flat-roofed addition was built on the east side of the bank building. In 1948, the building ceased being used for a bank and was purchased by the Town of Brookhaven, who completed the 1-story addition the following year.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, the building was owned by the Town of Brookhaven and used as their tax collector&#39;s office.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, the Long Island Music Hall of Fame was slated to open inside the building, at the time only existing as a website. Brookhaven town officials announced an agreement for a 15-year lease at the site. The hall of fame never came to fruition.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, a collectible ten-dollar bill issued by the First National Bank of Port Jefferson was put up for auction on EBay for about $5,000.</p><br>
<p>The building was unoccupied for many years, until in 2016, the buildings interior was remodeled to include first floor retail space and two luxury residential apartments on the second floor. The retail space currently hosts the store Kate & Hale, which opened in 2017.</p><br>
<h2>2021 Safe Incident</h2><br>
<p>In 2021, a teenage girl was rescued by firefighters after accidentally being locked in the Kate & Hale dressing room area that once served as the buildings bank vault. 14 year-old Giavanna Diesso became trapped in the vault after the girls younger brother closed the door behind her as a joke. Rescue crews from the Port Jefferson Fire Department used air chisels and hammer drills to breach the 12-inch thick wall. Diesso used her cell phone to record her surroundings to help see how much room they had to break through the vault. She was eventually rescued, being pulled out horizontally. The rescue took about 90 minutes.</p><br>
<p>Bayles Shipyard is a historic shipyard located at Port Jefferson in Suffolk County, New York. It includes the 1897 Bayles Chandlery, the 1917 Machine Shop and Mould Loft and the 1917 Compressor House. The vicinity also contained a Mobil Oil Terminal.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. The machine shop and mould loft is currently used as the Port Jefferson Village Center. The former Mobil Oil terminal was converted into the Jeanne Garant Harborfront Park in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Bald Hill Schoolhouse is a historic one-room school building located at Farmingville in Suffolk County, New York. It was built in 1850 and is a small, one story, vernacular rural schoolhouse with Greek Revival style detailing. It measures approximately 18 feet by 28 feet. It closed for classroom instruction in 1929. Also on the property are boys and girls privies, a small woodshed, and a house formerly owned by a member of the Terry family.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The school is located in Farmingville Hills Park and is owned by the Farmingville Hills Historical Society, which plans to operate the schoolhouse as a museum.</p><br>
<p>Bellport Village Historic District, formerly known as the Bell Street Historic District, is a national historic district located at Bellport in Suffolk County, New York. Located within the district is the separately listed Bellport Academy. It also includes the Village Hall, Bellport Community Center, the former fire house, and a museum/exchange shop built in 1890, as well as other structures.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Terry-Ketcham Inn is a historic inn and tavern located at Center Moriches in Suffolk County, New York. It was built about 1693, expanded about 1710 and 1790, and is a two-story, nine-bay by two-bay frame structure with a rear wing and gable roof. The original structure was built as a two-bay by three-bay, single-story timber-frame cottage. In about 1710 a three-bay by two-bay timber frame half-house was built to the north of the original structure. A 1790 building program tripled the size of the structure.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993, and is protected by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. A historic barn behind the inn is used to sell books, records, and compact discs in order to raise funds for the Ketcham Inn Foundation.</p><br>
<p>Masury Estate Ballroom is a historic ballroom located at Center Moriches in Suffolk County, New York. It was built about 1898 and was originally part of the Masury family estate. It is a long, rambling one story, Shingle Style wood-frame building. It has a "T shaped plan which contains the ballroom in the main upper portion and a bowling alley and billiards room in the long base. The building sits on a brick foundation and features a broad hip roof with hip roof dormers. The estate house was dismantled following the New England Hurricane of 1938, but the ballroom remained in use and is now owned by the Holiday Beach Property Owners Association.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John W. Masury earned his fortune in paint innovation, particularly the lid on paint cans found in every home goods store. The metal paint can was also his invention. He bought a large tract of beachfront land in the late 18th century, intending to create an estate and family retreat. He died in 1895 before realizing his dream. His widow, Grace Harkins Masury, hired architect William Lambert of NYC to design a retreat that was both opulent and in the style of beachfront estates of the day. The colonial revival style mansion, with an assortment of buildings including a ballroom, servants quarters, stables, water tower, boat house and carriage barn became the family estate her husband dreamed of creating. The finished complex hosted many summer parties on the south shore, with the broad lawns and the ballroom being the centerpieces of a picturesque summer escape from the city environs. The building were wood-frame in the shingle style prevalent on waterfront estates at the turn of the century. The great hurricane of 1938 leveled the mansion, but the ballroom endured, hosting parties for servicemen during the years of WWII, it showcased the lifestyles of the rich with its intricately railed mezzanine, a wood paneled bowling alley and taproom, along with a billiards parlor. It also had a domed and painted ceiling to accentuate the space. Grand parties were the order of the day every summer for over 50 years, until the ballroom was sold by the Masury family in 1954. Walter Hewitt, the new owner, subdivided the property and built new houses on the land, and the ballroom was sold to the Holiday Beach homeowners association, the current owners of the ballroom.</p><br>
<p>The outside of the building belies the interior, the shingle style of beachfront homes hides an interior of elegant wainscoting, designed with ultimate detail to wood paneling and stained glass windows with elegant fireplaces and lavishly decorated staircases. The building recalls the sumptuous tastes of the opulent lifestyles enjoyed by the rich at the turn of the century on Long Island.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark</h2><br>
<p>The Masury Ball room is recognized for being one of the few remaining examples of the opulent environs enjoyed by the rich in turn of the century Center Moriches on the south shore of L.I. It is a recognized landmark and residential development which is architecturally outstanding and deserving of note, occupying a space in the town of Brookhaven&#39;s cultural history. It was added to the NRHP on Sept. 11, 1986.</p><br>
<p>Smith-Rourke House is a historic home located at East Patchogue in Suffolk County, New York. It was built in 1837 and is a large two story, five-bay, generally square dwelling that measures approximately 32 by 40 feet. The house features a low sloping hipped roof of tin with a central cupola and cross gables on all four sides, characteristic of the Italianate style. It also features a profusion of heavy, bold Greek Revival style ornamentation. Also on the property is a small carriage shed.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The First Congregational Church of Manistee, Michigan is a church located at 412 South 4th Street in Manistee, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The First Congregational Church was founded on July 20, 1862 with ten charter members. The Rev. George Thompson who had recently returned to Michigan following missionary work in Africa was persuaded to preach the first sermon and organize the new church. The church first moved into a building on the corner of Second and Oak, but the congregation quickly grew, and by 1886 the existing structure was clearly too small. Plans were made for a new church building, and the church hired William Jenney and William Otis of Chicago to design the building. Construction began in 1888 under the supervision of local contractors Sheridan and Newcombe. The church was dedicated on December 12, 1892. An organ was installed in 1911.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The First Congregational Church of Manistee is a Romanesque Revival structure constructed on a cruciform plan, measuring 128 feet by 74 feet. The church has a stone foundation, solid masonry walls clad with red brick, and a black slate roof. The facade is substantially unadorned, and contains a massive arched stone entrance. The windows are topped with masonry arches trimmed with terra cotta.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the main sanctuary has a ceiling 60 feet high, supported with curved arches and hammer-beam trusses. Several stained glass windows are installed in the church, including one Tiffany glass window.</p><br>
<p>Smith Estate, also known as Longwood Estate - Smith House, is a historic estate located at Ridge in Suffolk County, New York. It is preserved and maintained by the Town of Brookhaven. The Longwood Estate is part of a huge parcel of land originally purchased by William "Tangier" Smith in the 17th century, which he called Manor St. George. The estate consists of a large, late 18th century main house , caretaker&#39;s cottage, a farm complex , the Smith family cemetery, and a small frame schoolhouse moved to the property in 1977.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>Gamecock Cottage is an historic building located at Stony Brook in Brookhaven Town, in Suffolk County, New York on Long Island. It was built in 1876 for storage of oars and sliding-seat rowboats and is the only remaining wooden beach cottage that was part of West Meadow Beach. It is located at the southernmost point of a peninsula within what is now part of the West Meadow Wetlands Reserve, as the official public beach is now restricted to the north. The Gamecock Cottage sits at the southern endpoint of West Meadow Lane, which was once called Trustees Road.</p><br>
<p>It is a -story building with a front-gabled roof with a four-sided wooden cupola located in the center of the ridge line in the Gothic Revival style. It is 20 feet, 5 inches wide and 25 feet, 5 inches long and covered with board and batten siding.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Abbott&#39;s Mill is a historic site that includes an old grist mill in Sussex County, Delaware, 3 mi southwest of Milford.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 with a 0.4 acre area. The listed area was increased in 1979 to include a total of 4 contributing buildings, with an increase of a 9 acre area. The increased area includes a Gothic style work built in 1868.</p><br>
<p>There&#39;s a historical marker for the old mill, placed on the north side of Abbotts Pond Road (County Road 620), across from Abbotts Pond.</p><br>
<p>The Abbotts Mill Nature Center offers tours of the grist mill and rolling mill. It is part of the 313-acre Milford Millponds Nature Preserve, which includes trails, Abbotts Mill, a pond and meadows. The Center features a native small animal collection and offers nature education programs.</p><br>
<p>In the site&#39;s 1972 NRHP nomination, it was reported the grist mill had been operable until 1960, and that plans were for it to be restored.</p><br>
<p>The listing was expanded in 1979 to include a total of 8.5 acres, including other buildings and open space.</p><br>
<p>Hawkins Homestead, also known as the Zachariah Hawkins Homestead, is a historic home located at 165 Christian Avenue in Stony Brook in Brookhaven Town, Suffolk County, New York. It was built originally about 1660 and is a saltbox-form dwelling. It has two principal components: a mid-17th-century -story house to the west and a large mid-18th-century  and early-19th-century  -story addition to the east.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It is south-west of the Bethel–Christian Avenue–Laurel Hill Historical District at 165 Christian Ave.</p><br>
<p>Nathaniel Longbotham House is a historic home located at 1541 Stony Brook Road, in Stony Brook in Brookhaven Town, Suffolk County, New York. It is composed of three visually and physically distinct sections that are joined gable to gable and diminish in height from east to west. The earliest and smaller section was built before 1690. It is a post, beam, and stud wall framed -story half-house, 20 feet long and 26 feet deep. Also on the property is an early-19th-century shed and late-17th- or early-18th-century well.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Robert Hawkins Homestead is a historic home located at Yaphank in Suffolk County, New York. It was built about 1855 and is a clapboard-sheathed, wood-frame building on a brick foundation. It has a symmetrical, two-story, three-bay, cruciform plan with low intersecting gable roofs in the Italianate style. It features a one-story verandah and a large central cupola on the building&#39;s rooftop.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, and is directly across the street from the Homan-Gerard House and Mills.</p><br>
<p>Homan-Gerard House and Mills is a historic home and mill complex located at Yaphank in Suffolk County, New York. It is composed of a large Federal-style residence , four contributing related support buildings, and six contributing related archaeological sites. The house is a -story frame residence with a three-bay facade, gambrel roof, center chimney, and kitchen wing. Also on the property are three small sheds and a large 2-story, late-19th-century barn. Archaeological remains include that of the J. P. Mills Store and Homan-Gerard saw mill and grist mill.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. Across from Yaphank Avenue is the Robert Hawkins Homestead</p><br>
<p>Sherwood-Jayne House is a historic home and related buildings located at East Setauket in Suffolk County, New York. The property encompasses a two-story dwelling, as well as five accessory buildings, mature planting, split-rail and picket fences, and other landscape features. The construction dates of the house spans from about 1730 to 1940. It is a two-story, six-bay saltbox form dwelling with a two-story rear extension that forms an L-shaped plan. The five accessory structures are a large bar, carriage house, corn crib, prive, and pump house.</p><br>
<p>A north addition to the house was designed by architect Arthur C. Nash.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The house is now owned by the Society for the Preservation of Long Island Antiquities. It has been furnished with period antiques and is open for visits seasonally by appointment.</p><br>
<p>The Massachusetts Avenue Historic District in Worcester, Massachusetts is a 5 acre historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. At that time, it included 11 contributing buildings and one other contributing site.</p><br>
<p>This district, the Montvale Historic District, and the Hammond Heights Historic District, are northwest of the Worcester core area and are elaborate Victorian districts. They were created for upper class housing through the subdivision of many farms and estates, when southern and eastern sections of Worcester were filling up with three-decker working class housing.</p><br>
<p>It includes a Federal style former courthouse that was converted, during 1801–03, into a Federal style house. It includes houses of the Arts and Crafts movement, Prairie style and Bungalow style.</p><br>
<p>College Hill is a residential neighborhood in Easton, Pennsylvania. The neighborhood is situated on the hill overlooking downtown Easton which was once known as Mount Lafayette, and before that, Mount Washington. Lafayette College borders the neighborhood on its southwest side. The northern boundary of the neighborhood is Forks Township. The boundary lies along Chestnut Ridge, a steep hill that rises to 700 feet. College Hill has a total of three historic religious institutional buildings, three parks, and the remains of Rinek Mansion grounds.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood has 855 buildings. The northeast sector of College Hill contains professionally designed buildings, primarily built between 1830 and 1940 while the northwest sector contains a high concentration of 20th century pattern catalog houses which was built by the Speer Lumber company. The district is primarily known for its mix of architectural styles. The neighborhood also contains many small businesses.</p><br>
<p>Many College Hill residents are professors at Lafayette College, which lies south of College Hill. Generally, residents of College Hill are fairly wealthy and well educated.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1736, Benjamin Eastburn, Surveyor General of Pennsylvania, allocated the original 1,000-acre tract of land of Easton for Thomas Penn. The southern three-quarters of this land area were to become part of College Hill. Between July 27 and August 23, 1789, this land tract was resurveyed and divided by the proprietors of Pennsylvania. The occupation and use of this land is unknown for this period of time.</p><br>
<p>In 1832, Lafayette College moved into the area, as it bought nine acres of land and moved to College Hill in May 1834. Lafayettes presence brought new growth within the area, as new residential projects were undertaken to accommodate new professors and staff. Development occurred quickly, and within the next 40 years, the majority of the area below Parson St was nearly full of homes. An important time for College Hills history occurred in 1887, when an electric trolley line was set up by the Lafayette Traction Company under David W. Nevin. Over the next couple of years, this line was extended, and dramatically increased the growth within College Hill, attracting middle and upper-class families to the area.</p><br>
<p>In the first half of the 20th century, the Speer Lumber Co. of Easton settled in College Hill. The company supplied lumber and provided high quality millwork to the entire Lehigh Valley and in parts of New Jersey as well. It later became the Hummel Lumber Company in the 1940s and still exists today at its original location. A majority of the 200 residences that were built by the company were based on old and famous architectural styles.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, the College Hill Residential Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in recognition of the extensive collection of stately homes and mansions that were constructed between 1830 and 1940, including the McKelvy House that was designed in 1888 by the renowned firm of McKim, Mead and White. The push for College Hill to become a recognized historical district was made by Sal Panto Jr., who was the mayor of Easton from 1984 to 1992 and 2008–present. College Hill becoming a Historical District helped the city to preserve more of the traditional and cultural buildings on the Hill and have more protective regulations and control on what could be constructed.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>As given from a modified 2010 Census report, College Hill has an estimated total population of 4.67 thousand per square mile. By including Lafayette College into the demographic report, 31.5% of the population is found to be 18–20 years old, and 6.8% at 21 years old. After that, the next highest number is 5.54% at 40–44 years old.</p><br>
<p>From an ethnicity and racial standpoint, College Hill is estimated to be 76.3% white, 7.4% Hispanic, 5.9% Black, 5.5% Asian, 4.6% Mixed, and 0.3% Other.</p><br>
<p>There are a total of 21,738 households in College Hill. 14,298 are family households and the average person per household is 2.63.</p><br>
<p>The median income for people under 25 years old is $38,963, $62,838 from 25 to 44, $75,163 at 45–64 and $50,166 for 65 and over. Since 2000, there has been a 28% increase/decrease in income and 4% since 2010. The average household income is estimated to be $81,278 with a median household income of $64,330.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Mckelvy House formerly known as “Oakhurst” is the home to the prestigious scholarship society at Lafayette College. Every year, a group of students are selected by faculty to live in the building and also participate in social and other intellectual activities. Mckelvy House was designed by one of the most prominent architectural firms in the 80s Mckim, Mead and White. McKelvy House exemplifies Stick and Shingle architecture. It was built in 1888 as a wedding present from John Eyerman, a Lafayette College Graduate to his bride Lucy Maxwell. In 1914, a member of the Lafayette College trustees purchased the building and made several renovations to it. After the necessary renovations, Lafayette College acquired the building in 1960 and made it the home to the colleges scholar society. The house is sited on three acres and overlooks the Delaware River.</p><br>
<p>Nevin Park Fountain was once a historic and prominent symbol on College Hill but, in the 1940s the fountain in Nevin park was destroyed and melted down to support the efforts of the second World War. Despite many efforts to restore the fountain, it never came to fruition. In 2013, plans were announced to restore the fountain at Nevin park with significant improvements. In 2014, a three-tiered Victorian style fountain in a round base was finally built replicating an existing fountain in Marietta, GA. The restoration boosted economic growth of College Hill in the sense that it increased traffic to its key business corridor.</p><br>
<p>The Lafayette Inn has been a landmark of College Hill for centuries. Built in 1895, the Georgian mansion was originally meant to be an investment property by Elizabeth Wagner Leary. The land was part of the Wagner farm owned by one of Easton&#39;s original first settlers during the mid-1700s. The former Wagner farm properties on the west side of Cattell St. became highly sought-after, as development of College Hill was flourishing during the late 19th century. The house was renovated in 1917 and owned for two decades by George Elder, superintendent of Ingersoll Rand Co. After the Great Depression hit in 1929, the building was broken down into apartments and sold multiple times throughout the next thirty years. It was briefly owned by a Lafayette fraternity in 1958, but due to the continuous decline of the fraternity, it was left vacant once again by 1982. In 1986, investors saw potential in the remarkable building, and bought and converted the property into the now Easton hotel.</p><br>
<p>Francis A March School is a -year-old school located in Easton, Pennsylvania. It was named after Francis March, professor of English and philology at Lafayette College. He was the first-ever to hold the title "Professor of English Language and Literature" in both America and in Europe. He taught at Lafayette for 56 years and refused numerous offers to leave the school as he was very loyal to the school. He was so dedicated in the sense that, his son also went on to become a professor at Lafayette College. His hard work and dedication earned him a much deserved respect across the city of Easton and the entire Lafayette Community. In 1914, the Easton Area School District recognized his efforts by naming an elementary school after him. Francis A. March elementary school serves students in grades K through 5 from across the entire Easton community.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The geological makeup of Easton, Pennsylvania comes from the activities of the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Physiological Province. They are split into two major zones, the Southern and Central Appalachians that lie between the Appalachian Plateau and the Blue Ridge Mountain. The Appalachian Valley&#39;s southern and central regions can be further split into two smaller sections called The Great Valley, to the east, and a more mountainous ridge to the west. This Great Valley contains three different sections: the Lehigh Valley (where the Easton is located), Lebanon Valley, and Cumberland Valley. Some of the rocks that make up the foundation for this region are limestone, slate, siltstone, scattered basalt, dolomite, shale, and sandstone.</p><br>
<h2>Streets and businesses</h2><br>
<p>The district is a small neighborhood made up of fifteen mainly residential streets. Lafayette College lies south of College Hill.</p><br>
<p>Through the expansion of Lafayette College, Lafayette owns the majority of properties on certain streets such as the Monroe, McCartney, Hamilton, and Parsons streets.</p><br>
<p>College Hill is home to over 17 small businesses, which largely consist of small businesses that sell specialized goods, and family run restaurants and bars. Out of all of the businesses on the hill, Lafayette College brings in the most revenue. Most businesses on College Hill tend to be found on Cattell Street. The district also contains churches, the March Street School, the Municipal Water Filtration Plant and Reservoir buildings. Though the city of Easton has the capacity to attract larger businesses, due to the volume of traffic that passes through the town, it remains a less commercialized area to preserve the citys unique, quirky, niche-like feel. Businesses on College Hill tend to thrive while Lafayette Colleges classes are in session.</p><br>
<h2>Lafayette College expansion controversy</h2><br>
<p>Over the last 30 years, Lafayette College has purchased over 173 properties on College Hill and intends to purchase even more. The college now owns more than twenty percent of the 924 properties in the College Hill Residential District. Lafayette College has pushed forward plans to expand its size by tearing down a dozen homes that it owns at McCartney and High streets and Cattell and High streets. The plan is to replace these homes with more student housing and college commercial space as the school continue to expand. This expansion is part of Lafayette College&#39;s broader plan to bring in more students to fund more financial aid and make the school more affordable. There has been a lot of backlash against the plan by College Hill and Easton residents. Many residents view it as an increased encroachment on many of the historically registered Victorian-era homes placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Other concerns among residents include an increase in parking and traffic issues. Many residents fear the expansion will leave them homeless and want assurances of safety of their homes.</p><br>
<p>The proposed zoning ordinance changes for the "McCartney Dorm Project" that would permit the college to go ahead and start building have been delayed multiple times since the plan was introduced in 2015.</p><br>
<p>The J.K. Miller Homestead in Glacier National Park near Big Prairie, Montana, United States, was built in 1909. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The listing included three contributing buildings and one other contributing structure.</p><br>
<p>According to a 1986 report, the homestead is "a well preserved historic homestead complex, despite its abandonment since the 1930s."</p><br>
<p>It includes a large, dovetail-notched, log privy that "is notable for its craftsmanship and good preservation" and an "outstanding" 34 ft by 34 ft log horse barn.</p><br>
